名词性从句几乎每年高考都要考,在各种题目中也经常出现,它也是复合句中比较难以掌握的语法内容之一,因此应切实掌握这一考点。其中名词性从句的连接词的考查是重中之重,考生如何正确理解句子的含义,选取正确的连接词,是把握好这一类题目的关键。

名词性从句包括表语从句、宾语从句、主语从句和同位语从句.其关联词有that, if , whether, who, what, which, when, where, why等。

现将最近几年的有关名词性从句的高考试题进行了分类整理,并加以分析,同时又加注了各种名词性从句的基本特点,希望能为同学们掌握好名词性从句的用法提供一些帮助。

一、表语从句的考查

表语从句在句子中作表语,位于主句中的系动词之后。

[考例1] See the flags on top of the building? That was______ we did this morning. （06全国I）

A．when          B．which         C．where          D．What

【答案及解析】D．本题考查名词从句作表语。根据名词从句的基本特点，该句中的动词谓语did须有宾语，又表示笼统意义，故选what，表示“所…的”。

  [考例2] - Are you still thinking about yesterday's game? （2003北京春季）

　　      -Oh, that's_______ .

　　A．what makes me feel excited_______

　　B．whatever I feel excited about

　　C．how I feel about it

　　D．when I feel excited

【答案及解析】A 本题全句意为：“你还在考虑昨天的比赛吗？”“我，正是这件事使我激动不已。”关键词语"still thinking about yesterday's game”决定必然用表语从句what makes me feel excited ,表示比赛留下久久不能忘怀的印象,现在还在thinking项是泛泛而指,当然不行；C和D项内容与上下文问题无关。

二、宾语从句的考查

　　宾语从句在句子中作及物动词或介词的宾语.如果主句的谓语动词是及物动词make, find, see, hear等,则把宾语从句置于宾语补足语之后,用it作形式宾语.另外,某些作表语的形容词,如sure, happy, glad, certain等之后也可以带宾语从句。

[考例3]（2006江苏）We haven’t settled the question of ______ it is necessary for him to study abroad.

A．if       B．where       C．whether       D．that

【答案及解析】 C 本题考察介词的宾语从句的用法。此处whether引导的宾语从句做介词of 的宾语，意为“是否”。

 [考例3] The shopkeeper did not want to sell for ______he thought was not enough. （2005山东）

A．where    B．how     C．what      D．which

【答案及解析】C  本题考查关系代词的使用。what 在引导名词性从句时“身兼二职”，既起连结作用，又在从句中作一个句子成分，其他几个选项绝无此功能。这里名词性从句what he thought was not enough .做介词for的宾语。

 [考例4] Mr. Hall understands that _______ maths has always been easy for him, it is not easy for the students. （2003安徽春季）

A．unless  B．since  C．although  D．when

【答案及解析】C 该题考查连词在宾语从句中的用法.观察题干Mr. Hall understands是主句,其后有that引导的宾语从句,可将该句简化为: _______maths has always been easy for him,it is not easy for the students.分析简化后的句子可知,maths has always been easy for him与it is not easy for the students之间含有转折关系,其他选项不合逻辑。

[考例5] A computer can only do______you have instructed it to do. （2001全国）

A．how   B．after   C．what   D．when

【答案及解析】C这是一个宾语从句,do后面缺少宾语,what在句中既引导宾语从句，又作do的宾语．故答案为C。

三、主语从句的考查

主语从句在从句中作主语,它可以放在主句谓语动词之前,但多数情况下由it作形式主语,而把主语从句放在主句之后。

[考例6] _____ makes this shop different is that it offers more personal services.（2006辽宁）

A．What        B．Who         C．Whatever           D．Whoever

【答案及解析】A 本体考查名词性从句中连接代词的用法，what引导助于从句作主语，句意为：“是这家商店不同的是它提供了更多的私人服务。”联结词不指人，不能用who, whoever。同时没有无论什么等含义，故排除whatever。

[考例7] _______fashion differs from country to country may reflect the cultural differences from one aspect. （2002上海春季）

A．What   B．That   C．This   D．Which

【答案及解析】B这是含有一个主语从句的句子。因为主语从句句意完整,只缺一个引导词，所以要选that。这句话的意思是"国与国之间的时装差异可以从一个方面反映出其文化的差异"。答案为B。

四、同位语从句的考查

同位语从句一般跟在某些抽象名词概念的名词后面,用以说明名词所表示的具体内容,常跟同位语从句的名词主要有:fact, idea, news, promise, answer, belief, condition, doubt, fear, hope, problem, proof, question, reply, report, suggestion, thought, truth等。

[考例8] A warm thought suddenly came to me _____I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mother’s birthday．（2006安徽）

A．if     B．when    C．that     D．which

【答案及解析】C that 引导同位语从句，做thought的同位语。

[考例9] Danby left word with my secretary______ he would call again in the afternoon. （2005浙江）

A．who   B．that   C．as    D．which

【答案及解析】B[解析]考查连词。用“that”引导同位语从句，补充说明名词“word"的内容。

[考例10] Do you have any idea_______ is actually going on in the classroom? （2005辽宁）

A．that    B．what     C．as     D．which

【答案及解析】B该句考查同位语从句。idea后面的句子是它的同位语，用来解释idea内容。而同位语从句中缺少的是主语，因此我们要说：what is actually going on……?。同位语从句和定于从句是比较容易弄混的，同学们在平时学习的时候要注意辨析。如：

Then arose the question where we were to get the machines needed. （同位语从句）

He asked a question which/that was asked by others several times. （定语从句）

[考例11]There is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars_______ road conditions need ________ . （2003上海）

A．that; to be improved      B．which;  to be improved

C．where;  improving       D．when;  improving

【答案及解析】that引导从句作problem的同位语,解释problem的具体内容.这句话的意思是"私人汽车的普及牵涉到一个新的问题，即路况需要改进”。由于problem与同位语从句被其大量的修饰成分隔开来,增加了试题的难度。答案A.

[巩固练习]

1．Go and get your coat. It's_______ you left it.

A．there  B．where  C．there were  D．where there

2． _______he said at the meeting astonished everybody present.

A．What  B．That  C．The fact  D．The manner

3．_______ the sports meet will be held depends on the weather.

A．When ever  B．If  C．Whether  D．That

4．The problem is_______ he has enough time.

A．if  B．whether  C．/  D．that

5．The news_______ Tom won the game made us excited.

A．which  B．that  C．when  D．what

6．He made a promise_______ he would help me.

A．what  B．when  C．that   D．which

7．I remember_______ this used to be a quiet village.

A．how  B．when  C．where  D．what

8．_______ beat Xiao Wang black and blue is not known.

A．Whom  B．Whoever  C．Who  D．What

9．It is generally considered unwise to give a child_______ he or she wants.

A．however  B．whatever  C．whichever  D．wherever

10．_______we can't get seems better than _______we have.

A．What; what  B．What; that  C．That; that  D．That; what

答案与简析:

1．B.where引导表语从句,在从句中作状语,表示放东西的地点.there不能引导表语从句。

2．A. what引导主语从句,作said的宾语。

3．C.whether引导主语从句,if不能引导位于句首的主语从句,A、D不合题意。

4．B.whether引导表语从句,而不用if。

5．B.同位语从句说明news的具体内容,只用that引导,不能省略.不用which引导,that只起连接作用,不作句子成分。

6．C.that引导同位语从句,说明promise的具体内容。

7．B.when引导宾语从句,表示"那时,这是个僻静的村庄"。village已有quiet修饰,不能再用how引导从句,C、D不合题意。

8．C.首先排除D ,who引导主语从句并作从句的主语,whom不能作主语,whoever则表示"无论谁",与句意不符。

9．B. whatever引导宾语从句,在从句中作wants的宾语。用whichever引导,则表示"任何一个",与题意不符,A、D都只能作状语。

10．A. what引导主语、宾语从句,可作从句中的主语或宾语,而that引导名词性从句时在句子中不作成分。