一般过去时和现在完成时的比较 1)用两种时态来表述发生在过去的某一动作,现在完成时强调这一过去动作对现在产生的影响或结果,而一般过去时只表达过去的动作或状态,和现在关系不大。例如:She has cleaned the room. It’s very clean now.(此句has cleaned就不能改为cleaned.一是因为cleaned与现状有关,二是因为一般过去时不可突然跳到It’s...这样的一般现在时。) 2)汉语中的“了”、“过”、“曾”等词常用完成表达,如:I have seen that film.(我看过那部电影了。)但是如果是在特定的过去时间“看了”、“做过”,就不可用完成时而必须用一般过去进来表达。例如:When did you see that film? I saw it yesterday.(你什么时候看了那部电影?我昨天看的。)不能说:When have you seen that film? I have seen it yesterday. 1.We haven’t heard from Jane for a long time. What do you suppose _______ to her? A.was happening B.happens C.has happened D.happened 解析:说话者强调Jane 目前的状况. 2.Hello, I ____ you were in London. How long _________ here? A.don’t know; were you B.hadn’t known; are you C.haven’t known; are D.didn’t know; have you been 解析: didn’t know 强调见面前原不知道. 3.I’m glad to tell you that we _____ the work in less time than we _____ expected to. A.finished; were B.have finished; are C.have finished; were D.had finished; were 解析:全句含义为 “我们现在已经比预期的(强调过去)提前完成任务( 强调现在). 4.It _____ that pleasant music keeps people from becoming tired at their work. A.finds B.has found C.was found D.has been found . 解析:为被动语态的现在完成时, 强调that 从句的内容现在已被发现,为人所知. 5.When I was at college I _______ three foreign language but I ________ all except a few words of each. A.spoke; had forgotten B.spoke; have forgotten C.had spoken; had forgotten C.had spoken; have forgotten 解析:注意when I was at college 是指过去的某一时间,动词应用一般过去时; I have forgotten 是指现在的情况. 现在完成时与现在完成进行时的比较 1.——Hi, Tracy, you look tired. ——I am tired. I _______ the living room all day. A.painted B.had painted C.have been painting D.have painted 解析:强调动作从过去到现在的延续,而非动作的结果 2.--- Have you had any letters from him? --- No, I haven’t, but my wife _______ him regularly . A.has heard from B.has been hearing from C.had heard from D.hears 解析:不强调结果,A错;不是指目前一般的情况,D错;是指从过去延续到现在的情况. 现在进行时和过去进行时的比较 1.I don’t really work here. I ____ until the new secretary _______. A.just help out; comes B.have just helped out; will come C.am just helping out; comes D.will just help out; has come 解析:指目前一段时间正在发生的动作, until 引导的是时间状语从句,动词需用一般现在时.) 2.--- When shall we leave? --- As soon as I ______ what I _______. A.will finish; do B.have finished, am doing C.finish, will do D.finish, do 解析:as soon as 从句前省略了主句, 时间状语从句中动词强调将来的结果用现在完成时; what I am dong 指目前正在做的事. 3.At that time he _____ in the library. A.worked B.had worked C.was working D.would work 解析: was working 指 at that time 正在发生的行为. 4.The students ____ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she____in the office. A.were working; had left B.worked; left C.had worked; left D.were working; would leave 解析:句中went 是说话人给定的时间, work 和leave发生的时间都要看它们与went 的时间关系, work 与went动作同时发生, 强调正在做,用过去进行时; leave 在went之前发生, 应用过去完成时.) 5.--- Hey, look where you are going! --- Oh, I’m terribly sorry. _______. A.I’m not noticing. B.I wasn’t noticing. C.I haven’t noticed. D.I don’t notice. 解析: 对话的后者显然是在解释刚才不小心冒犯对方时正在做的事情. 一般过去时和过去进行时的比较 1.He ______ a book about China last year, but I don’t know if he ______ it. A.wrote; has finished B.was writing; has finished C.was writing; had finished D.wrote; will finish 解析:正确选项为B. 从I don’t know if he has finished it.推断,他去年一直在写。 2.Tom________ into the house when no one ___________. A.slipped; was noticing B.had slipped; noticed C.slipped; had noticed D.was slipping; noticed 解析:slip和notice 为同时发生的动作,因此B、C为错误选项,slipped指过去有结果的动作(他溜进去了),when no one was noticing 指他溜进去的一刹那发生的情况(没有人注意)。 3.As she ________ the newspaper, Granny _________ asleep. A.read; was falling B.was reading; fell C.was reading; was falling D.read; fell 解析:道理同上 4.The last time I _________ Jane she __________ cotton in the fields. A.had seen; was picking B.saw; picked C.had seen; picked D.saw; was picking 解析:道理同上 |